3H

(Hydrogen-3; Tritium)

 

Physical Characteristics

 

Half Life:

            Physical                     12.3 years

            Biological                  12 days

            Effective                     12 days

 

Radiation Emitted: ß-

 

Energy of Radiation (keV):          18.6 (max)                 5.7 (mean)

 

Maximum Range of Beta Particles:

            Air                               5 mm

            Water              0.006 mm

 

Radiation Biology

 

Critical Organ:         Whole Body

 

Toxicity:                    Low

 

ALI:                Ingestion (Water)                  Inhalation      

                           8 X 10+4 µCi                      8 X 10+4 µCi

 

Bioassay:     Urinalyses required within 10 working days after working with 100 mCi or more of tritiated water or sodium borohydride.

 

Health Physics

 

DAC (µCi/ml):          2 X 10-5

           

 

Survey Technique:

            Wipes, counted by LSC

 

Shielding Required:          None             

 

Special Considerations:

Tritium cannot be monitored directly because of the low beta energy.  Special care is needed to control contamination.  Regular monitoring by wipe testing is advisable.  External contamination does not cause a radiation dose itself but can lead to potentially hazardous internal contamination and can interfere with experimental results.